https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/brain-waves
2.1.1 Brain Waves
Brain waves are oscillating electrical voltages in the brain measuring just a few millionths of a volt. There are five widely recognized brain waves, and the main frequencies of human EEG waves are listed in Table 2.1 along with their characteristics.
Table 2.1. Characteristics of the Five Basic Brain Waves
Frequency band Frequency Brain states
Gamma (γ) > 35 Hz Concentration
Beta (β) 12–35 Hz Anxiety dominant, active, external attention, relaxed
Alpha (α) 8–12 Hz Very relaxed, passive attention
Theta (θ) 4–8 Hz Deeply relaxed, inward focused
Delta (δ) 0.5–4 Hz Sleep
Brain wave samples for different waveforms are shown in Fig. 2.1.
Figure 2.1. Brain wave samples with dominant frequencies belonging to beta, alpha, theta, and delta bands and gamma waves.
Various regions of the brain do not emit the same brain wave frequency simultaneously. An EEG signal between electrodes placed on the scalp consists of many waves with different characteristics. The large amount of data received from even one single EEG recording makes interpretation difficult. The brain wave patterns are unique for every individual.
For various brain studies visit: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/brain-wavesBeta (β) 12–35 Hz Anxiety dominant, active, external attention, relaxed
Alpha (α) 8–12 Hz Very relaxed, passive attention
Theta (θ) 4–8 Hz Deeply relaxed, inward focused
Delta (δ) 0.5–4 Hz Sleep
Brain wave samples for different waveforms are shown in Fig. 2.1.
Figure 2.1. Brain wave samples with dominant frequencies belonging to beta, alpha, theta, and delta bands and gamma waves.
Various regions of the brain do not emit the same brain wave frequency simultaneously. An EEG signal between electrodes placed on the scalp consists of many waves with different characteristics. The large amount of data received from even one single EEG recording makes interpretation difficult. The brain wave patterns are unique for every individual.
Prospect of Brainwave Entrainment to Promote Well-Being in Individuals: A Brief Review
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12646-020-00555-x
Sandhya Basu & Bidisha Banerjee
Psychological Studies volume 65, pages296–306(2020)Cite this article
Abstract
Brainwave entrainment (BWE) refers to the use of external stimuli to produce a frequency following response of brainwaves to match the frequency of the external stimuli.
The current paper is a brief review and aims to focus on BWE process as a therapeutic approach to vitalize cognitive functioning along with well-being of individuals.
Also, it aims to observe the prospect of BWE as an intervention in India. Thirty studies met the criteria and were critically analyzed on the basis of demographic and clinical variables.
Findings suggest a shift from the physiological to psychological implications of BWE.
Review suggests that there is a dearth of longitudinal studies and with children. However, some studies have highlighted improvement in overall functioning after BWE sessions. The paper suggests that there is a need to conduct studies on clinical and child population to apply BWE as an intervention to promote overall well-being in children.
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