Our brain grew after large game extinction; Israeli researchers suggest
Humans became so skilled at hunting large animals that, eventually, the animals became scarce and new sources of food had to be found.
By Jerusalem Post Staff, February 28, 2021
Elephant hunting illustrations (photo credit: DANA ACKERFELD)
How did prehistoric humans get so smart? We know that our brain
volume grew from 650cc to 1,500cc before the agricultural revolution at
roughly 10,000 BCE, but until now nobody was able to offer a unified
theory as to why.
Tel Aviv University researchers Dr. Miki Ben-Dor and Prof. Ran Barkai suggest
the reason is that humans became so skilled at hunting large animals
they drove them to extinction. This spelled a need to come up with means
to hunt smaller animals, according to the article published it the Journal of Quaternary Science.
The
average size of land mammals was 500kg when humans first came into
their own as a species, when we began to farm the size dropped to 10% on
average than what it was.
The
theory stands out among others as it suggests the growth of language
and the brain faculties needed for long term planning, and even
imagination, within one framework. The drop in the size of large animals
was noted in all known areas where humans are known to have
flourished.
"We correlate the increase in human brain volume with the need to become smarter hunters," explains Dr. Ben-Dor.
Hunting gazelles, for example, is harder than hunting one large elephant – of which the African continent used to have six different types before humans hunted them to near extinction.
“Hunting
small animals, that are constantly threatened by predators and
therefore very quick to take flight, requires a physiology adapted to
the chase as well as more sophisticated hunting tools,“ he explained. It
is also good to have a strong memory to remember where the animals like
to drink or what their migration patterns are.
"As the size of animals continued
to decrease, the invention of the bow and arrow and domestication of
dogs enabled more efficient hunting of medium-sized and small animals,"
Dr. Ben-Dor said, "until these populations also dwindled."
The
theory suggests humans were happy to hunt as long as they could obtain
enough food from the energy invested in it. When that became difficult
near the end of the stone age, they switched to farming.
"While
the chimpanzee's brain, for example, has remained stable for 7 million
years, the human brain grew threefold, reaching its greatest size about
300,000 years ago,” Prof. Barkai said. In addition, just think on all
the things humans invented during that time.
Fire, tools, the domestication of dogs, language songs and stories.
Prof.
Barkai adds that "our cousins the Neanderthals became extinct when
their large prey disappeared" while the "homo sapiens decided to start
over again, this time relying on agriculture."
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That's right folks I hunted the woolly mammoth to extinction because I craved mammoth ribs in BBQ sauce
Neander-Troll says :Be sure to recommend and follow Chucks " Life of Earth " Blog at:https://disqus.com/home/forum/lifeofearth/
That's right folks I hunted the woolly mammoth to extinction because I craved mammoth ribs in BBQ sauce |
Neander-Troll says :Be sure to recommend and follow Chucks " Life of Earth " Blog at:
https://disqus.com/home/forum/lifeofearth/
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