Interspecies alliances: Research examines cognitive underpinnings of cross-species collaborations

FEB. 25, 2025, by U. of Konstanz
https://phys.org/news/2025-02-interspecies-alliances-cognitive-underpinnings-species.html

(A) Cleaning stations operated by the cleaner wrasse L. dimidiatus servicing multiple species of fish 

(credit: Simon Gingins). 

(B) Honeyguides recruit (and are recruited) by humans (and other animals) for resource detection 

(credit: Dominic Cram). 

(C) Drongos use alarm calls to warn, but also deceive, foraging partners 

(credit: Bernard Gagnon/Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0)). 

(D) Multispecies hunting groups (one day octopus and multiple species of fish) with division of labor (credit: Robert Delfs). 

Credit: Current Biology (2025). DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2025.01.012

Some animals are capable of cooperating with members of other species. An interdisciplinary team involving the biologist Eduardo Sampaio from the University of Konstanz explores the cognitive underpinnings of such cross-species collaborations, opening up a new perspective on the evolution of intelligence and cooperation in the animal kingdom.

The animal world is full of fascinating examples of cooperation between different animal species: from cleaner wrasses that rid larger fish of their parasites, or birds from the drongo family that warn meerkats of predators, to octopuses that hunt together with fish. But what mechanisms of perception, learning or decision-making do animals need in order to cooperate with other species for mutual benefit?

To address this question, Sampaio from the Cluster of Excellence "Collective Behavior" at the University of Konstanz (Germany) and the Max Planck Institute for Animal Behavior teamed up with comparative psychologists Alexandra Schnell (Cambridge University; U.K.) and Piero Amodio (Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn; Italy).

In their recent article published in Current Biology, they explore possible cognitive foundations of cross-species social behavior using the example of cooperative hunting in octopus and reef fish.

"Partnerships like these challenge traditional views of intelligence and cooperation in the animal kingdom," says Sampaio. "From an evolutionary perspective, social complexity, problem solving and communication do not only arise within one's own group, but can also be shaped by the need to collaborate across species boundaries."

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