Monday, 31 May 2021

'It's unbelievable': Calgary trucker in shock after $80,000 worth of lumber stolen

Mark Villani, CTV News Calgary Video Journalist, Sat., May 29, 2021

Xose Gutierraz's load of lumber was recently stolen from the Flying J truck stop in southwest Calgary on May 13 

CALGARY -- Jose Gutierrez has been a long-haul truck driver for the past three decades, but never in his life has he experienced a more devastating feeling at his day job.

“It’s unbelievable,” he said.

“Not even when I was living in Mexico did we see these kinds of robberies.”

Gutierrez parked two trailers full of lumber at the Flying J truck stop near Barlow Trail on Thursday May 13.

He locked them up and safely stored his load like he had been doing for years, only to find out on Sunday that his entire shipment and both trailers had been stolen.

“The cost is around $80,000 for the lumber and $100,000 for the two trailers,” he said. “I’ve been leaving my trailers at this spot for years, I thought it was secure and I’ve never had a problem.”

Gutierrez reported the trailers and lumber as stolen to police, who are conducting a full investigation. Police say they have already noticed a drastic uptick in lumber thefts this year.

Several incidents have been reported to officers at construction sites and truck stops.

In a statement from Sgt. Nick Wilsher with the CPS Crime Prevention Unit, he stated that the police are aware of an increase in lumber theft activity most notably in the north-central and deep south and southeast areas of the city where new construction activity is high.

“The cost of lumber is increasing as is the price of other construction materials due to supply issues related to the impacts of COVID-19,” Wilsher said.

“We are working with the construction industry to address these thefts and determine when investigative steps can be taken.”

Meanwhile, other truckers like Amrit Grewal who arrived in Calgary from Surrey, B.C. on Saturday morning suggest thefts are ongoing issues across Western Canada.

“It’s happening a lot and my fellow friends are also experiencing this when we go from B.C. to Alberta.,” Grewal said. “Some people just open our trailers doors, break the seals and then steal our stuff.

“People are facing lots of problems because of the pandemic, people are losing jobs, that’s why they need more money right?”

Grewal adds that there is not much truckers can do aside parking in safe truck stop areas with surveillance, but when that’s not an option, it can be challenging.


“We can either sleep and get the rest we need or keep an eye on our load, there’s nothing much else we can do to prevent people from stealing.”
LUMBER RETAILERS RAISING AWARENESS AFTER SURGE IN THEFTS

Benchmark prices according to the Chicago lumber futures at the start of the pandemic were just over $400 USD per thousand board feet, but the price soared and went as high as $1,700 USD per thousand board feet earlier this month.

Liz Kovach with the Western Retail Lumber Association says the industry is experiencing unprecedented times due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

She says many retailers and contractors are concerned about safely storing material on their yard and several practices are in place to help mitigate that risk.

“Some of it includes, increasing physical barriers, increasing surveillance cameras, ensuring there is additional security that’s coming by and of course trying to block things as much as possible,” Kovach said.

“Retailers have been working with their contractors to make sure that smaller loads are being delivered more frequently just to make sure that material that can be used throughout the day actually can be used, and that there’s no material sitting idle in the evening.”

Kovach adds that neighbours should also keep an eye out for thieves and report suspicious activity to police if projects are being completed in residential areas.

The biggest issue however lies in the price, which will likely remain high according to Kovach, at least until supply catches up with demand.

“These thefts are an unfortunate reality that we’re dealing with right now, but hopefully it’s something people will reconsider because it’s impacting other projects and the ability for employers to finish completing some of their jobs.”


Recommend this post and follow 
The birth of modern Man

Sunday, 30 May 2021

Lack of rainfall in Ontario's forecast exacerbates its drought

Digital Writers, The Weather Network


Sunday, May 30th 2021, 7:31 am - Friday's precipitation was most welcomed in southern Ontario, but it fell well short of overcoming the current drought conditions.

After Friday's rude wintry surprise for southern Ontario Friday, which included some showers, Saturday was considerably drier, and Sunday, too, looks to follow suit with lots of sunshine.

But much of southern Ontario has had a drier than average spring and, though Friday's rainfall provided some relief to the drought-stricken region, it wasn't enough to overcome that precipitation deficit, and there's little prospect of consistent moisture over the coming days.

DESPERATE NEED FOR RAIN, SOME EXPERIENCING SEVERE DROUGHT

In addition to the recent heat and humidity, the month of May has featured a severe lack of rain.

Other than some quick bursts in May, which accompanied isolated thunderstorms, rainfall totals across southern Ontario have been well below seasonal throughout the spring season, with many places reporting near-record dry conditions during May.

Most of southern Ontario is currently experiencing a moderate drought, with pockets of severe drought in the southwestern section. Areas to the east and in cottage country are currently abnormally dry.

In fact, prior to Friday's showers, a good chunk of southwestern Ontario has seen less than 40 per cent of its average precipitation in the last 30 days. Elsewhere across the south, much of the region has only received 40-60+ per cent of its normal during the same time period.

And even though parts of the southwest received some 10-20 mm, it wasn't nearly enough to eliminate the ever-increasing drought in the province.


As well, Ottawa has seen its driest May on record, and Friday's rainfall is likely to help Toronto, Windsor and London avoid the cities achieving that feat.

However, Toronto did see its fifth warmest day (Tuesday, May 25) on record, registering a daytime high of 33.3°C.

LOOK AHEAD: DRY TREND CONTINUES, TEMPERATURES TO WARM UP LATE WEEKEND

Sunday will be mainly sunny and slightly warmer than Saturday, as temperatures climb back to near seasonal for early next week. The dry conditions will continue, accompanied by warmer, near or slightly above seasonal temperatures for the middle of and late next week.

Forecasters are watching the potential for the pattern to become more unsettled during the second half of next week and into the second week of June.

Temperature-wise, a warm pattern is anticipated next weekend and for the second week of June -- with numerous days reaching the mid-to-upper 20s across the region. Daytime highs won't be excessively hot, but will still sit above seasonal for June.


Recommend this post and follow 
The Life of Earth

Bolivian Tsimane Amazonians Have the Best Hearts in the World

UPDATED 29 MAY, 2021, NATHAN FALDE


An indigenous people living largely undisturbed in the Bolivian Amazonian rainforest for centuries may hold the key to understanding (and possibly even reversing) the aging process. Previous research has shown that this group, known as the Tsimane, enjoy extraordinarily good heart health. In fact, it’s the best heart health ever measured.

According to Eurasia Review , a follow-up study has now confirmed that their brains are every bit as healthy and resilient as their hearts, which helps protect them from Alzheimer’s and other types of dementia. The Tsimane are generating a high level of interest among medical researchers everywhere, who are interested in finding out more about their health-promoting lifestyle choices.

Photograph of the Tsimane people taken during the 1913 to 1914 expedition to Rio Maniqui in northeastern Bolivia. ( Public domain )



The Remarkable Tsimane Brain Revealed

As reported in the Journal of Gerontology , a team of researchers from educational institutions in Southern California recruited 746 Tsimane men and women to participate in a comprehensive medical study. These individuals were all in the 40 to 94 age range, representing a cross-section of both the middle-aged and the elderly.

The focus of the study was on brain health. The study participants were taken to a clinic in the town of Trinidad in Bolivia, and all were given brain examinations using CT scanning equipment. These tests were designed to measure brain volume and the results were compared to those obtained from similar studies of people living in the United States and Europe.

The brains of adults will inevitably shrink as they age. But this study found that Tsimane adults experience 70 percent less reduction in brain volume as they age in comparison to adults who live in Western industrialized nations. “The Tsimane have provided us with an amazing natural experiment on the potentially detrimental effects of modern lifestyles on our health,” declared study author Andrei Irimia, an assistant professor of gerontology, neuroscience and biomedical engineering at the University of Southern California in News Medical Life Sciences .

“These findings suggest that brain atrophy may be slowed substantially by the same lifestyle factors associated with very low risk of heart disease [among the Tsimane],” continued Irimia. The Daily Mail reports that latter reference is in relation to a long-term study published in 2017 that was carried out by medical researchers from the University of New Mexico.

In this noteworthy study, nearly 90 percent of Tsimane adults over the age of 40 showed no signs of arterial clogging , which is strongly associated with heart disease. Even among those aged 75 and over, nearly two-thirds faced virtually no risk of serious cardiovascular problems down the line, based on their impressive arterial health and low blood pressure. These results have never been matched in any other group. Now, it appears the same lifestyle that protects the Tsimane against heart problems also protects them from significant neurological deterioration.

The study appears to prove a link between the active Tsimane lifestyle, with food sourced by foraging, farming, fishing and hunting, and longevity. 
(Piotr Strycharz / CC BY-ND 2.0 )

Who Are the Tsimane and What Is Their Secret?

The Tsimane are a group of 16,000 indigenous people living in the Bolivian Amazon along the Maniqui River. Their lifestyle is traditional and active, centering on the acquisition of food and other important resources through natural and sustainable means. They mix farming with foraging, fishing, and hunting to secure the calories they need to survive, and the impact of the outside world on their traditional practices has remained relatively minimal.

A few years ago, the U.S. National Institutes of Health sponsored an extensive, systematic survey of Tsimane dietary habits, under the auspices of a program known as the Tsimane Health and Life History Project . For comparative purposes, the researchers involved in this project simultaneously studied the dietary habits of the Moseten, another indigenous group from the Bolivian Amazon that had been more strongly impacted by outside contact and pressures.

A systematic survey of Tsimane dietary habits found that processed foods represented only a tiny portion of their diet. ( Tsimane Health and Life History Project )

The researchers interviewed nearly 1,300 Tsimane and 229 Moseten individuals multiple times, collecting detailed information about their dietary habits. They found that the typical Tsimane diet was characterized by high carbohydrate, moderate protein, and low-fat intake. These three categories represented 64, 21, and 15 percent of their diet respectively. They consumed a healthy variety of nutrients, and their daily fiber intake was almost double that associated with the typical North American diet.

Processed and packaged foods weren’t entirely unknown to the Tsimane, but represented only a tiny portion of their overall caloric consumption. In addition to their healthy diets, the Tsimane also benefited from an active lifestyle, which required them to walk or run more than three times as much as the average American on a typical day.

Uncovering the Crucial Link Between Heart and Brain Health and Longevity
The Tsimane are vulnerable to respiratory, gastrointestinal, and parasitic infections, which collectively are their leading cause of death. But their high-fiber / low-fat diet protects them from cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, dementia, and other conditions that speed up the aging process and result in many premature deaths among those who consume the typical Western diet.

“Our sedentary lifestyle and diet rich in sugars and fats may be accelerating the loss of brain tissue with age and making us more vulnerable to diseases such as Alzheimer’s,” noted study author Hillard Kaplan, a professor of health economics and anthropology at Chapman University in Orange County, California, who has been studying the Tsimane for many years. “The Tsimane can serve as a baseline for healthy brain aging.”

Unfortunately, it seems the Tsimane may be starting to lose touch with their roots. Over five years of study as part of the Tsimane Health and Life History Project, their consumption of sugar, cooking oil, salt, and processed foods steadily rose. This mirrored what had been happening with their neighbors the Moseten, who’d been exposed to outside influences for much longer. This change hasn’t had a huge impact on their health just yet, but that may not be the case in 10 or 20 years.

The Tsimane lifestyle can function as a model and an inspiration for medical researchers and other health experts, who are constantly seeking natural and sustainable antidotes to the diseases of aging that afflict so many in Western society, as well as the secrets to longevity. Nevertheless, if present trends continue the Tsimane may be running out of time, and the opportunity to learn from them may soon vanish.


Recommend this post and follow
The birth of modern Man

Chuck's photo corner , the last week of May 2021, πŸ˜ŸπŸ˜ΏπŸŒ•πŸŒ‹⛄☀

It was a week of extreme temp. variation, and a super flower full moon here in Cardinal, the last week of May.

πŸ˜ŸπŸ˜ΏπŸŒ•πŸŒ‹⛄☀

 The traditional guaranteed last frost date, here is May 24.  The last 2 pics in this roll, are from around sunrise this morning May 30, about 5:30 am.

The top right corner of this pic. is the sheltered deck thermometer.


Looking out my window to the street below, (I am a rock, I am an island) lol



These yellow iris love the heat generated by the driveway.


bearded you say.



I didn't know if sage (this variety) would survive the winter.  Those are radish sprouts in the background.

Chives about to flower beside some thyme.  The city 50km north has them flowering already.

The morning of May 29 .  The fading fullish moon was in the shot but got whited out.

These lightly frosted guys haven't thawed out enough to look completely dead yet.

This is what they looked like once they thawed out. The very left row is basket of fire peppers, next row green and jalapeno peppers, then a row of tomatoes.  The celery top right survived fine, as did the brussel sprouts not pictured the last row on the right.

While damaged these more sheltered tomatoes just survived, pic taken this morning.

The new hope for some tomatoes,  I didn't check the spare peppers this morning, they looked alive but in rough shape yesterday morning.


Recommend this post and follow 
The Life of Earth

Saturday, 29 May 2021

137 blockade arrests so far

The Canadian Press - May 28, 2021, Jen Osborne

Photo: The Canadian Press

RCMP officers walk toward a bridge to assess the situation at an anti-old-growth logging protest in Caycuse, B.C. on Tuesday, May 18, 2021. 

Mounties say four people were arrested Friday as they enforced a British Columbia court injunction ordering the removal of blockades aimed at preventing old-growth logging on southwestern Vancouver Island. 

The Mounties say four people were arrested Friday as they enforced a British Columbia court injunction ordering the removal of blockades aimed at preventing old-growth logging on southwestern Vancouver Island.

Police say of the four people arrested, three were removed from tree structures.

They say three other people were found in trees and escorted out without charges.

Police say 137 people have been arrested since enforcement of the court injunction began last week to allow workers with the Teal-Jones Group to resume logging in that area and in the Fairy Creek watershed to the south, near Port Renfrew.

Activists say very little of the best old-growth forest remains in B.C. and Fairy Creek is the last unprotected, intact old-growth valley on southern Vancouver Island.

Teal-Jones has said it plans to harvest about 20 hectares at the north ridge of the 1,200-hectare watershed out of 200 available for harvest.



Recommend this post and follow 
The Life of Earth

Researchers discover drug that blocks multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants in mice

MAY 28, 2021, by L Ingeno, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania

As seen here with microscopy, lung epithelial cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 (left, yellow) were successfully treated with the STING agonist diABZI (right) by Penn Medicine researchers.
 Credit: Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania



The drug diABZI—which activates the body's innate immune response—was highly effective in preventing severe COVID-19 in mice that were infected with SARS-CoV-2, according to scientists in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. The findings, published this month in Science Immunology, suggest that diABZI could also treat other respiratory coronaviruses.

"Few drugs have been identified as game-changers in blocking SARS-CoV-2 infection. This paper is the first to show that activating an early immune response therapeutically with a single dose is a promising strategy for controlling the virus, including the South African variant B.1.351, which has led to worldwide concern," said senior author Sara Cherry, Ph.D., a professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and scientific director of the High-Throughput Screening (HTS) Core at Penn Medicine. "The development of effective antivirals is urgently needed for controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease, especially as dangerous variants of the virus continue to emerge."

The SARS-CoV-2 virus initially targets epithelial cells in the respiratory tract. As the first line of defense against infection, the respiratory tract's innate immune system recognizes viral pathogens by detecting their molecular patterns. Cherry and her research team first sought to better understand this effect by observing human lung cell lines under the microscope that had been infected with SARS-CoV-2. They found that the virus is able to hide, delaying the immune system's early recognition and response. The researchers predicted that they may be able to identify drugs—or small molecules with drug-like properties—that could set off this immune response in the respiratory cells earlier and prevent severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.

To identify antiviral agonists that would block SARS-CoV-2 infection, the researchers performed high throughput screening of 75 drugs that target sensing pathways in lung cells. They examined their effects on viral infection under microscopy and identified nine candidates —including two cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs)—that significantly suppressed infection by activating STING (the simulation of interferon genes).

Since CDNs have low potency and make poor drugs, according to Cherry, she and her team decided to also test a newly-developed small molecule STING agonist called diABZI, which is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration but is currently being tested in clinical trials to treat some cancers. The researchers found that diABZI potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection of diverse strains, including variant of concern B.1.351, by stimulating interferon signaling.

Finally, the researchers tested the effectiveness of diABZI in transgenic mice that had been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Because the drug needed to reach the lungs, diABZI was administered through a nasal delivery. diABZI-treated mice showed much less weight loss than the control mice, had significantly-reduced viral loads in their lungs and nostrils, and increased cytokine production—all supporting the finding that diABZI stimulates interferon for protective immunity.

Cherry said that the study's findings offer promise that diABZI could be an effective treatment for SARS-CoV-2 that could prevent severe COVID-19 symptoms and the spread of infection. Additionally, since diABZI has been shown to inhibit human parainfluenza virus and rhinovirus replication in cultured cells, the STING agonist may be more broadly effective against other respiratory viruses.

"We are now testing this STING agonist against many other viruses," Cherry said. "It's really important to remember that SARS-CoV-2 is not going to be the last coronavirus that we will see and will need protection against."


Recommend this post and follow 
The birth of modern Man

LATE-SEASON SNOW AND UNPRECEDENTED COLD SWEEP TORONTO, CANADA

MAY 29, 2021 CAP ALLON

May 28 was a historic ‘double-whammy’ of a day in Toronto, Canada.

First off, the day entered the weather books as the city’s coldest May 28 ever recorded, according to Environment Canada warning preparedness meteorologist Peter Kimbell.

The daytime high had only reached a frigid 4C (39.2F) by Friday afternoon.

For the next coldest May 28 you have to turn all the way back in 1889, according to books for downtown Toronto dating back to 1840. In other words, it’s been 130 years since Torontonians have suffered a May 28 this cold.

Even more astonishingly, just a few days ago Toronto hit a high of 33C (91.4F) — this serves as yet another powerful example of the ‘swings between extremes’ suffered during times of low solar activity:

Secondly, Friday also delivered rare, late-May snowfall to the city.

This is Toronto’s second latest snow on record after June 4, 1945 (solar minimum of cycle 17).

“It’s a bit of a shock to see flurries and white snowflakes when it’s supposed to be a normal high of 22C (71.6F),” said Kimbell.


SURPRISING ARCTIC SEA ICE THICKNESS IS GOOD NEWS FOR POLAR BEARS

Zoologist Susan Crockford has called late-May’s distribution of thick Arctic sea ice (3.5-5m/11.5-16.4 ft – or more) “surprising,” particularly given the WMO’s suggestion that we may be only five years to avert a “dangerous tipping point” in global temperatures.

There is the usual and expected band of thick ice in the Arctic Ocean across northern Greenland and Canada’s most northern islands, writes Crockford on her website polarbearscience.com, but there are also unexpected patches in the peripheral seas (especially north of Svalbard, southeast Greenland, Foxe Basin, Hudson Strait, Chukchi Sea, Laptev Sea),

This is plenty of sea ice for polar bear hunting.

That thick ice will provide summer habitat for bears that choose to stay on the ice during the low-ice season.

According to Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI) data, there is far more ice north of Svalbard this year than there was last year–when thick ice caused the Arctic research vessel Polarstern debacle.

Also, the thick ice off Greenland this year is hardly surprising, given the current record-breaking accumulations of snow and ice across the island:

Thick ice in Foxe Basin (west of Baffin Island) at this time of year is to be expected, continues Crockford, but in Hudson Strait north of Quebec, not so much:



And finally, with regards to that “dangerous” tipping point mentioned above: the WMO recently stated there is a 40% chance the global temperature will rise 1.5C above pre-industrial levels in one year by 2026; however, the organization lists a host of specific stipulations, conditions, and limitations to their prediction, all listed in a BBC report.

And anyhow, that 1.5C level has always been a fantasy number, one plucked out of thin air by some corrupted propagandist that happens to have a PhD after their name.

Our planet is cooling.

Every key dataset reveals this.

And the establishment will soon report on this fact.

But remember, this is 1984 — there will be no retractions, no apology for the past 4-decades of scandalous fear-mongering. No, sit back and watch in befuddlement as all previous talk of ‘catastrophic global warming’ is simply abandoned, erased from consciousness, never to be spoken of again.

Wait for the MSM’s next 180 flip.


Recommend this post and follow 
The Life of Earth

Friday, 28 May 2021

'Limnic eruption': DR Congo's volcano nightmare

Eruption: Mount Nyiragongo and Lake Kivu last Saturday.

Orders on Thursday to evacuate Goma, a city lying in the shadow of DR Congo's Mount Nyiragongo volcano, have shed light on a rare but potentially catastrophic risk—a "limnic eruption," when volcanic activity combined with a deep lake can spew out lethal, suffocating gas.

The phenomenon first came to the world's attention in August 1984, when 37 people mysteriously died at Lake Monoun in western Cameroon.

Scientists found that dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) gas in the depths of the lake had erupted, creating invisible clouds at the surface that were borne by winds into homes and fields, snuffing out life.

Two years later, more than 1,700 people and thousands of cattle died in Lake Nyos, also in Cameroon, strengthening the belief that earthquakes and volcanic activity can trigger these unusual events.

More than 600,000 people live in Goma, although the region's population is around two million, in addition to more than 90,000 people who live across the border in the Rwandan city of Gisenyi.

Both cities lie on the northeastern shore of Lake Kivu, which is dominated by Nyiragongo, a strato-volcano nearly 3,500 metres (11,500 feet) high that straddles the East African Rift tectonic divide.

The much-feared volcano roared back into life on Saturday, spewing two rivers of lava over the next day that have claimed 32 lives and left around 20,000 homeless.

This was followed by hundreds of aftershocks, some of them the equivalent of small earthquakes, that have collapsed or destroyed several buildings, ripped cracks in the ground and terrified the population.

Map of DR Congo locating the Mount Nyiragongo volcano.

Disaster scenario

The evacuation order comes on the heels of a warning by the Goma Volcano Observatory (OVG), which monitors the pulse of Nyiragongo and the Nyamuragira volcano, 13 kilometres (nine miles) away.

In a technical note seen by AFP, the OVG said it saw worrying signs of activity by Nyiragongo that pointed to three potential outcomes.

In the first two scenarios, Nyiragongo would erupt again, sending renewed lava flows southwards towards Goma and Gisenyi, destroying buildings in their path before reaching Lake Kivu.

In both cases, the quantity of lava likely to enter the lake would not be enough to raise its deep-water temperature by at least one degrees Celsius (1.8 degrees Fahrenheit)—a key condition for a limnic eruption.

But in the worst-case scenario, lava flows from Nyiragongo would combine with volcanic activity under the floor of the lake.

This activity could take the form of a "fissural or phreato-magmatic eruption under the lake and/or a large earthquake of 6.5 or 7 magnitude," the OVG said.

In this scenario, "a limnic eruption would take place and dissolved gas in the lake's deep water would rise to the surface, especially CO2, asphyxiating all living beings around Lake Kivu on the Congolese and Rwandan side."

"There would be thousands of deaths," the OVG said, spelling out the need for resources to carry out an "urgent exploration" of Lake Kivu.

A satellite image released on May 25 by Maxar Technologies gives a bird's-eye view of the volcano before its eruption.

Volcanic region

The OVG also cautioned against the use of rainwater for drinking or washing food, given the ashfall from the volcano.

Six volcanoes dot the Goma region, dominated by Nyiragongo, which is 3,470 metres (11,400 feet) high, and Nyamuragira, 3,058 metres.

Nyiragongo last erupted on January 17, 2002, killing more than 100 people and covering almost all of the eastern part of Goma with lava, including half of the airport's landing strip.

Its deadliest eruption was in 1977, when more than 600 people died.

Nyamuragira is also highly active, with its last major eruption a decade ago.


Recommend this post and follow 
The Life of Earth

Fungus fights mites that harm honey bees

MAY 27, 2021, by Washington State University

Varroa destructor mites in a petri dish under a microscope after being exposed to the new strain of metarhizium fungi. 
Credit: Washington State University



A new fungus strain could provide a chemical-free method for eradicating mites that kill honey bees, according to a study published this month in Scientific Reports.

A team led by Washington State University entomologists bred a strain of Metarhizium, a common fungus found in soils around the world, to work as a control agent against varroa mites. Unlike other strains of Metarhizium, the one created by the WSU research team can survive in the warm environments common in honey bee hives, which typically have a temperature of around 35 Celsius (or 95 F).

"We've known that metarhizium could kill mites, but it was expensive and didn't last long because the fungi died in the hive heat," said Steve Sheppard, professor in WSU's Department of Entomology and corresponding author on the paper. "Our team used directed evolution to develop a strain that survives at the higher temperatures. Plus, Jennifer took fungal spores from dead mites, selecting for virulence against varroa."

Jennifer Han, a post-doctoral researcher at WSU, led the breeding program along with WSU assistant research professors Nicholas Naeger and Brandon Hopkins. Paul Stamets, co-owner and founder of Olympia-based business Fungi Perfecti, also contributed to the paper. Stamets is a fungi expert, well-known for using several species in applications ranging from medicine to biocontrol.

Varroa destructor mites, small parasites that live on honey bees and suck their "blood," play a large role in Colony Collapse Disorder, which causes beekeepers to lose 30-50% of their hives each year. The mites feed on bees, weakening their immune systems and making them more susceptible to viruses.

Varroa mites seen living on a honey bee. Mites weaken bees' immune systems, transmit viruses, and siphon off nutrients.
 Credit: Photo by Scott Bauer, USDA Agricultural Research Service.

The main tools beekeepers use to fight varroa are chemicals, such as miticides, but the tiny pests are starting to develop resistance to those treatments, Naeger said.

Metarhizium is like a mold, not a mushroom. When spores land on a varroa mite, they germinate, drill into the mite, and proliferate, killing it from the inside out. Bees have high immunity against the spores, making it a safe option for beekeepers.

Stamets, who did some of the initial testing with Metarhizium that showed the fungus couldn't survive hive temperatures, was impressed by the work done by the WSU researchers.

"Science progresses through trial and error, and my technique wasn't economical because of the hive heat," he said. "But Jennifer did enormous amounts of culture work to break through that thermal barrier with this new strain. It's difficult to really appreciate the Herculean effort it took to get this."

Han and Naeger screened more than 27,000 mites for levels of infection to get the new strain.

Varroa destructor mites in a petri dish before being exposed to the new strain of metarhizium fungi.
 Credit: Washington State University



"It was two solid years of work, plus some preliminary effort," Han said. "We did real-world testing to make sure it would work in the field, not just in a lab."

This is the second major finding to come from WSU's research partnership with Stamets involving bees and fungi. The first involved using mycelium extract that reduced virus levels in honey bees.

"It's providing a real one-two punch, using two different fungi to help bees fight varroa," Stamets said. "The extracts help bee immune systems reduce virus counts while the Metarhizium is a potentially great mite biocontrol agent."

The next step is to seek approval from the Environmental Protection Agency to use Metarhizium on hives used in agriculture. The team must also finalize delivery methods for beekeepers to apply the fungus in hives.

"We hope in 10 years that, rather than chemical miticides, Metarhizium is widely used to control Varroa mites," Sheppard said. "And that the mite problem for beekeepers has been significantly reduced."

The team thinks the methods they developed to evolve Metarhizium for varroa control could be used to improve biocontrol agents in other crop systems as well.



Recommend this post and follow
 The Life of Earth

Plague of ravenous, destructive mice tormenting Australians

MAY 28, 2021, by Rod McGuirk

Mice scurry around stored grain on a farm near Tottenham, Australia on May 19, 2021. Vast tracts of land in Australia's New South Wales state are being threatened by a mouse plague that the state government describes as "absolutely unprecedented." Just how many millions of rodents have infested the agricultural plains across the state is guesswork. 
Credit: AP Photo/Rick Rycroft

At night, the floors of sheds vanish beneath carpets of scampering mice. Ceilings come alive with the sounds of scratching. One family blamed mice chewing electrical wires for their house burning down.

Vast tracts of land in Australia's New South Wales state are being threatened by a mouse plague that the state government describes as "absolutely unprecedented." Just how many millions of rodents have infested the agricultural plains across the state is guesswork.

"We're at a critical point now where if we don't significantly reduce the number of mice that are in plague proportions by spring, we are facing an absolute economic and social crisis in rural and regional New South Wales," Agriculture Minister Adam Marshall said this month.

Bruce Barnes said he is taking a gamble by planting crops on his family farm near the central New South Wales town of Bogan Gate.

"We just sow and hope," he said.

The risk is that the mice will maintain their numbers through the Southern Hemisphere winter and devour the wheat, barley and canola before it can be harvested.

NSW Farmers, the state's top agricultural association, predicts the plague will wipe more than 1 billion Australian dollars ($775 million) from the value of the winter crop.

Mice scurry around stored grain on a farm near Tottenham, Australia on May 19, 2021. Vast tracts of land in Australia's New South Wales state are being threatened by a mouse plague that the state government describes as "absolutely unprecedented." Just how many millions of rodents have infested the agricultural plains across the state is guesswork.
 Credit: AP Photo/Rick Rycroft

The state government has ordered 5,000 liters (1,320 gallons) of the banned poison Bromadiolone from India. The federal government regulator has yet to approve emergency applications to use the poison on the perimeters of crops. Critics fear the poison will kill not only mice but also animals that feed on them. including wedge-tail eagles and family pets.

"We're having to go down this path because we need something that is super strength, the equivalent of napalm to just blast these mice into oblivion," Marshall said.

The plague is a cruel blow to farmers in Australia's most populous state who have been battered by fires, floods and pandemic disruptions in recent years, only to face the new scourge of the introduced house mouse, or Mus musculus.

The same government-commissioned advisers who have helped farmers cope with the drought, fire and floods are returning to help people deal with the stresses of mice.

Mice scurry around stored grain on a farm near Tottenham, Australia on May 19, 2021. Vast tracts of land in Australia's New South Wales state are being threatened by a mouse plague that the state government describes as "absolutely unprecedented." Just how many millions of rodents have infested the agricultural plains across the state is guesswork. 
Credit: AP Photo/Rick Rycroft


The worst comes after dark, when millions of mice that had been hiding and dormant during the day become active.

By day, the crisis is less apparent. Patches of road are dotted with squashed mice from the previous night, but birds soon take the carcasses away. Haystacks are disintegrating due to ravenous rodents that have burrowed deep inside. Upending a sheet of scrap metal lying in a paddock will send a dozen mice scurrying. The sidewalks are strewn with dead mice that have eaten poisonous bait.

But a constant, both day and night, is the stench of mice urine and decaying flesh. The smell is people's greatest gripe.

"You deal with it all day. You're out baiting, trying your best to manage the situation, then come home and just the stench of dead mice," said Jason Conn, a fifth generation farmer near Wellington in central New South Wales.

Bruce Barnes walks past stored hay infested with mice on his family's farm near Bogan Gate, Australia on May 20, 2021. Vast tracts of land in Australia's New South Wales state are being threatened by a mouse plague that the state government describes as "absolutely unprecedented." Just how many millions of rodents have infested the agricultural plains across the state is guesswork. 
Credit: AP Photo/Rick Rycro


"They're in the roof cavity of your house. If your house is not well sealed, they're in bed with you. People are getting bitten in bed," Conn said. "It doesn't relent, that's for sure."

Colin Tink estimated he drowned 7,500 mice in a single night last week in a trap he set with a cattle feeding bowl full of water at his farm outside Dubbo.

"I thought I might get a couple of hundred. I didn't think I'd get 7,500," Tink said.

Barnes said mouse carcasses and excrement in roofs were polluting farmers' water tanks.

"People are getting sick from the water," he said.

The mice are already in Barnes' hay bales. He's battling them with zinc phosphide baits, the only legal chemical control for mice used in broad-scale agriculture in Australia. He's hoping that winter frosts will help contain the numbers.

Farmers like Barnes endured four lean years of drought before 2020 brought a good season as well as the worst flooding that some parts of New South Wales have seen in at least 50 years. But the pandemic brought a labor drought. Fruit was left to rot on trees because foreign backpackers who provide the seasonal workforce were absent.

Plagues seemingly appear from nowhere and often vanish just as fast.

Disease and a shortage of food are thought to trigger a dramatic population crash as mice feed on themselves, devouring the sick, weak and their own offspring.

Government researcher Steve Henry, whose agency is developing strategies to reduce the impact of mice on agriculture, said it is too early to predict what damage will occur by spring.

He travels across the state holding community meetings, sometimes twice a day, to discuss the mice problem.

"People are fatigued from dealing with the mice," Henry said.

Some pics from post not included CC


Recommend this post and follow 
The Life of Earth

Genetically modified salmon head to US dinner plates

MAY 28, 2021, by Casey Smith

In this image provided by AquaBounty Technologies Inc., company CEO Sylvia Wulf, poses for a photo with processing associates Skyler Miller, back left, and Jacob Clawson with genetically modified salmon from the company's indoor aquaculture farm, Wednesday, May 26, 2021, in Albany, Ind. These are the first such altered animal to be cleared for human consumption in the United States. 
Credit: AquaBounty Technologies vis AP

The inaugural harvest of genetically modified salmon began this week after the pandemic delayed the sale of the first such altered animal to be cleared for human consumption in the United States, company officials said.

Several tons of salmon, engineered by biotech company AquaBounty Technologies Inc., will now head to restaurants and away-from-home dining services—where labeling as genetically engineered is not required—in the Midwest and along the East Coast, company CEO Sylvia Wulf said.

Thus far, the only customer to announce it is selling the salmon is Samuels and Son Seafood, a Philadelphia-based seafood distributor.

AquaBounty has raised its faster-growing salmon at an indoor aquaculture farm in Albany, Indiana. The fish are genetically modified to grow twice as fast as wild salmon, reaching market size—8 to 12 pounds (3.6 to 5.4 kilograms)—in 18 months rather than 36.

The Massachusetts-based company originally planned to harvest the fish in late 2020. Wulf attributed delays to reduced demand and market price for Atlantic salmon spurred by the pandemic.

"The impact of COVID caused us to rethink our initial timeline ... no one was looking for more salmon then," she said. "We're very excited about it now. We've timed the harvest with the recovery of the economy, and we know that demand is going to continue to increase."

Although finally making its way to dinner plates, the genetically modified fish has been met by pushback from environmental advocates for years.

The international food service company Aramark in January announced its commitment to not sell such salmon, citing environmental concerns and potential impacts on Indigenous communities that harvest wild salmon.

The announcement followed similar ones by other major food service companies—Compass Group and Sodexo—and many large U.S. grocery retailers, seafood companies and restaurants. Costco, Kroger, Walmart and Whole Foods maintain that they don't sell genetically modified or cloned salmon and would need to label them as such.

The boycott against AquaBounty salmon has largely come from activists with the Block Corporate Salmon campaign, which aims to protect wild salmon and preserve Indigenous rights to practice sustainable fishing.

"Genetically engineered salmon is a huge threat to any vision of a healthy food system. People need ways to connect with the food they're eating, so they know where it's coming from," said Jon Russell, a member of the campaign and a food justice organizer with Northwest Atlantic Marine Alliance. "These fish are so new—and there's such a loud group of people who oppose it. That's a huge red flag to consumers."

Wulf said she's confident there's an appetite for the fish.

"Most of the salmon in this country is imported, and during the pandemic, we couldn't get products into the market," Wulf said. "So, having a domestic source of supply that isn't seasonal like wild salmon and that is produced in a highly-controlled, bio-secure environment is increasingly important to consumers."

This Wednesday, June 19, 2019 file photo shows the first batch of bioengineered Atlantic salmon eggs in an incubation tray at AquaBounty Technologies' facility in Albany, Ind. Peter Bowyer, the facility manager at AquaBounty Technologies, holds one of the last batch of conventional Atlantic salmon raised at the commercial fish farm in Albany, Ind.
 Credit: AP Photo/Michael Conroy, File


AquaBounty markets the salmon as disease- and antibiotic-free, saying its product comes with a reduced carbon footprint and none of the risk of polluting marine ecosystems like traditional sea-cage farming carries.

Despite their rapid growth, the genetically modified salmon require less food than most farmed Atlantic salmon, the company says. Biofiltration units keep water in the Indiana facility's many 70,000-gallon (264,979-liter) tanks clean, making fish less likely to get sick or require antibiotics.

The FDA approved the AquAdvantage Salmon as "safe and effective" in 2015. It was the only genetically modified animal approved for human consumption until federal regulators approved a genetically modified pig for food and medical products in December.

In 2018, the federal agency greenlit AquaBounty's sprawling Indiana facility, which is currently raising roughly 450 tons (408 metric tons) of salmon from eggs imported from Canada but is capable of raising more than twice that amount.

But in a shifting domestic market that increasingly values origin, health and sustainability, and wild over farmed seafood, others have a different view of the salmon, which some critics have nicknamed "Frankenfish."

Part of the domestic pushback revolves around how the engineered fish is to be labeled under FDA guidelines. Salmon fishermen, fish farmers, wholesalers and other stakeholders want clear labeling practices to ensure that customers know they're purchasing an engineered product.

USDA labeling law directs companies to disclose genetically-modified ingredients in food through use of a QR code, an on-package display of text or a designated symbol. Mandatory compliance with that regulation takes full effect in January, but the rules don't apply to restaurants or food services.

Wulf said the company is committed to using "genetically engineered" labeling when its fish are sold in grocery stores in coming months.

In November, U.S. District Judge Vince Chhabria in San Francisco affirmed that the FDA had the authority to oversee genetically engineered animals and fish. But he ruled that the agency hadn't adequately assessed the environmental consequences of AquaBounty salmon escaping into the wild.

The company argued that escape is unlikely, saying the fish are monitored 24 hours a day and contained in tanks with screens, grates, netting, pumps and chemical disinfection to prevent escape. The company's salmon are also female and sterile, preventing them from mating.

"Our fish are actually designed to thrive in the land-based environment. That's part of what makes them unique," Wulf said. "And we're proud of the fact that genetically engineered allows us to bring more of a healthy nutritious product to market in a safe, secure and sustainable way."


Recommend this post and follow 
The Life of Earth